Oven for use in the manufacture of tiles, pottery, and the like.



C. DRESSLER.

OVEN FOR USE IN THE MANUFACTURE OF "ems, wm-mm arm TEE 1.114s:

APPLICIATIDF FILED F211. :5 191i.

1,023,628. Patented Apr. 16. 19153 5 SH Sil'l BRET l G. DRESSLER. OVENFOR USE IN THE MANUFACTURE OF TILES, POTTERY, AND THE LIKE.

uruonxox nun r2115. n11. k 1,023,628. Patented Apr. 16, 1912.

a IHBIIl-IKBBT a.

Lg? i k\\ 8 3 w pm w 0. nRs'ssLBR. OVEN FOB. USBIN THE MANUFAGTUBYJ 0FTILES, POTTERY, AND TEE LEE APPLICATION FILED FBB.15, 1011.

lin en/01* WIN) a Ema/d G. DRESSLBR.v OVER FOB USE IN THE umurac'rmaa 0FTILES,

m-r'rnn, AND Tlifi LIKE.

APPLIOATIOR IILED TEL, 151! mm Apr. 16, 1912.

s sums-5mm 4.

//66665 Q/vvvu U G. DRES SLBR.

OVEN FOR USE IN THE MANUFACTURE OF TILES, POTTERY, AND THE LIKE.APPLIOLTIOH FILED FEB.15,'1E11.

1,023,628. Patented Apr.16, 1912.'

5 BHEETB-BHEBT 6.

@ 03%, Pam/M UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

JOSEPH BIERSCHENK, 0F IVRY PORT, FRANCE.

BALL-BEARIN G.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Apr. 16, 1912.

Application filed ember 27, 1905. SeriatNo; 284,614.'

centric members or rings and to means and the manner of inserting andretaining'the balls in the same.

The principal objects of my invention are first, to provide a ballbearing formed of two concentric members or ringsat their contiguousfaces with raceways varying in' depth and width and adapted to receiveand retain balls introduced into the same; sec

ond, to provide the inner face of the outer,

member with inclined portions terminating in the raceway, whereof theinclined portions enable the introduction of the balls into the racewaysof the members; and third, to provide a ball-bearing with a retainer forthe balls arranged to facilitate introducing the same between the ringsand for holding the balls apart therein.

The nature and scope of my present ino vention will be more fullyunderstood from the following description taken in connection with theaccompanying drawings forming part hereof, in which- Figure 1, is a viewillustrating in crosssection downwardly inclined portions terminating ina centrally arranged raceway in the inner face of the outer member, aball partly engaging raoeways of both members and a retainer or ringpartly Surrounding the ball. Fig. 2, is a view, reduced, illustratingpartly in side elevation and partly in section, the ball bearing and theretainer for the balls interposed between the rings forming the same;and Fig. 3, is a detail view, illustrating perspectively, the retainerand balls projecting therefrom.

Referring to the drawings, a represents the balls or spherical bodiespreferably formed of steel, which are interposed between the annularmembers or rings c and c, forming in conjunction with the balls aball-bearing A. The balls as, are held in position between the rings 0and c, solely by engaging raceways 6, arranged centrally in contiguousfaces of the same, which raceways are preferably shallow to oifer only aportion of their surface, as bearings for the balls 0. The depth of theraceways b, is chosen in a certain relation to the elasticity of thematerial of the rings sand 0, and balls a, to permit of the introductionof the-balls a, between the members 0 and c, by springing the samesuccessively sidewise into the raceways b, of the rings e and c.

The balls a, during the introduction are held in the raceway b, of theinner member, by a retainer e, remaining in engagement with the ballsafter the same have been in serted between the rings. The raisedportions 9 and g, incloslng the raceways 6, form when the members occupytheir proper position with respect to each other an annular space, whichis less in width than the diameterof the balls, so that the balls canonly be inserted into the raceways b, by the elastic deformation of bothmembers, However, as the balls at, are already placed inthe raceway b,of the inner member 0 the balls a, have only to pass over one of theraised portions of the outer member, which may be inclined toward theraceway be Thus the balls when resting in me raceway of the inner membera, are only slightly greater in diameter than the distance from thedeepest portion of the raceway b, of the inner member to the edges ofthe raceway b, of the outer member. Moreover, as the balls aresuccessively, sprung into the raceways the necessary elastic deformationof both members to spring the balls a, into the'-raceway of the outermember is comparatively slight; and therefore, the members may becomparatively thick in cross-section.

hen the balls a, are held in position in the raceway b, of the innermember by a retaiiier of a type which is as shown in Figs. 2 and 3, thehearing A, may be assembled,

by first springing two diametric oppositcly arranged balls a, resting inthe raceway of the inner member by elastic deformation of both membersinto the raceway of the outer member, the rings during this operationbeing at right angles to each other and then swinging the inner memberupon the introduced balls, as fulcral points sidewise into a concentricposition, with respect to the outer member, .thus springing by elasticdeformation of both members the balls of the inner member-at each sideof the fulcrul balls, successively into the raceway of the outer member.The bearing may also be Fi s. 7 and S are views similar to Figs. 1 and 2-showing another modification.

In the exaniple shown inFigs. 1 to 4 hr elusive, two heating chambers are employed. in the form of long narrow hollow avails arranged parallelto but at aslight distance from the inner side of the adjacent mainwalls I) of a tunnel oven having a roofof vault shape, the'said hollowwalls a being carried by' arched or hollow bricks (I or the like, whichform the bottom thereof and extending to within a short distance of theroof 0 of the-oven, so that air can circulate all around each of them.The'goods when placed on trucks e may be so arranged as to leave\-'ertical passages f for the downward flow of the hot air. and, at theplat- .form level, which shoul correspond more or less with the openingsd in the arched bricks d, horizontal passages g may be provided so as tosecure a proper circulation of the cooled air under the heated bottom ofthe heating chambers." A mixture of air and gas is supplied separatelyinto each heating chambera stem end h, which may be at or near themiddle of the length of the oven, the products of combustion being drawnoil' at tie'other end i, which is at or near the entrance to the tunnel,by afan j so that by controlling the supply of gas and the speed -of thefan, the draft and the heating effect,

can be varied with certainty. Or, if a chimney such as is indicated at1', be used instead of a fan, then its power of suction must-be inexcess of what is needed so as to enable the draft to be regulated bymeans of a damper m or the equivalent. In this way it is insured thatleakage of gases or fumes from the heating chambers into the oven to theinjury of goods therein, is

- avoided. The gas to be burned may be supplied to the heatin chambersthrough burners p extending mm the outside of'the tunnel and providedwith cocks 1'. The air for combustion of the fuel is drawn by the draft,due to tlrc'fun j, or chimney j, from the-exit or cooling portion n ofthe tunnel through which the goods pass, the air being gradually heatedby the goods which are corres ondingly cooled; The inflow of air intotie combustion chambers through the openings 0 may be assisted by theaction of the issuing gas which may bra-supplied to the burners p underpressure and in controlled amount from a gas holder. ()n the other hand,if the burners be supplied with crude gas direct from a gas producer,the cocks r will be replaced by dampers and the suction of the fan orchimney will assist to draw oil the gas from the gas producer. Theheating clnfinbers a may conveniently each be built up of transverseartitions that are composed of superimpose blocksa'. a of fire clay, andare spaced apart longitudically all parts of the wall to be uni ormlyheated. The thick transverse blocks a act as accumulators of heat whilethe thin side walls a and the short blocks a forming .the sides of thepassageways a, permit heat to readily radiate into the oven. Blockscorresponding to a, a could also be arranged checkerwlse, more or lessafter the manner of the bricks or blocks in a heat regenerator, so as toform a tortuous passage of any desired length. Each heating chamber issupported on a thin layer of refractory granular material, for examplequartz sand, spread over a bed plate, so that it can move bodily in thelongitudinal direction under the force of expansion should the expansionjoints provided in the walls of the chamber prove insuilicient fertilepurpose. In'ordcr to prevent, as far'as possible,- radiation of heat tothe outside of the oven; the interior of the oven may be lined with ahard enamel to provide a heat reflecting surface, while the outer walls11 may be lagged with suitable material such as lzieselguhr, groundashes or the like, confined by an outer cas ing t, hut ii -"lieu ofsimply fillin the intervening space between the walls and outer casing twith such material, which would have a tendency to settle and exertundue lateral pressure upon the' walls and easing, tending to distortthe same, the material is preferably filledinto boxes or containers u,preferably cube shaped, made of earthenware, the, said boxes orcontainers being piled one 'on the top of another, any space betweenthem being filled with loose material. Lugging material '1: may also bea plied to the exterior of the roof c.0f tie tunnel. To prevent unduetransmission of heat from the heating chambers a to the metal troughs wusually provided in tunnel ovens for containing sand to effect an airtight joint between the movable trucks e and the lower portions of thetunnel, the ledges carrying the heating chambers may have formed thereinchannels a: filled with loose- HOJPCOIKlUC I-iDQ material 3 such ashit-sclguhr, ground fireclay or ashes. In the lower portion of'this mass3 of material or, it may be, in the wall below it may be placed one ormore pipes :1 through which The air thus heated may be used for dryingpurposes.

In the modified construction shown in Figs. 5 and 6, each heatingchamber a is, for part of its length, made of rectangular orsubstantially rectangular form externally with internal transversepartitions built up of blocks arranged to form :1 zi j-zag or tortuouspassage or passages for t ie hot gases and 'productsof combustion 111 1for the remainder of its length is composed of superimposed rows ofpipes 1 through which the products of combustion are drawn and graduallygive up their heat to the 'oods; The combustion chamber oper at t isinlet end of each heating chandler ais provided with one or more gas oroil burners, p and inlets o for air, and the rows-of pipes 1 areconnected at their exit ends to the exhausting device used, namely thefan j, or chimney j, the pipes in each row thereof being lit-tedtogether, for example spigot and faucet fashion, so as to, permitof freeexpansion and contraction thereof. The arrangement is-such as to allowof fuel being readily burned undoithe resulting hot gases freelyexpanding in the combustion chamber proper and then flowing freelythrough the rows of ipes, which have a large heat radiating surace, tothe exhausting device so that the hot gases gradually give olf theirheat. and cscupc at a comparatively low temperature. As a consequence,when the goods to be treu ted travel tlirough the oven, they will, as

in the previous example, be gradually raised in temperature until theyreuch that port of the heating chamber where combustion takes place andwhere the' will be subjected to the greatest heat, a ter which theygrudually fall in temperature as they puss through the part 11 of thetunnel beyond the bcatin chamber or chambers. The rows of pipes may beseparated from one another and supported and held together by interposedbearers 2 or refractory material. In

the example, each heating chamber a is built.

up of com arutivelv thin superposed blocks 3 arrange longitudinally andconnected, as in Fig.3, by expansion joints to the transverse wellswhich are composcd of blocks 4, 4 shaped and arranged to form openings 4through which fuel and air, or hot gums, ['low, the o )enings 4", orsome. of them, in the several \val s,being non-coincident to any desiredextent so as to forin a tortuous pasage pf amv desired length,

Inthe modification shown in 8, the heating chambers at opposite sides ofthe main chamber ofl'he ovcmnre wholly constituted by rows of pipes 1titted together spigot and faucet. fashion so as to permit ofunrestrained expansion and con- Figs. 7 and traction, there being a gasburner 71 for each row of pipes. The pipes near the inlet ends of therows ma be of larger diameter-than those at the outlet ends, in order toallow the while burning, to expand more easily; and, if desired, battles1* may be fitted to secure a good mixture of the. air and gas in thepipes, to act accumulators of heat, end to shorten the ion [1 of thecom'liustirm zone, According to his modificationnlso, two sets of railsextend through the oven and no additional heating chamber, comprising asingle row of pipes '5, is disposed above the iralhfi between the twosets of rails, this row of pipes being supplied at one end, like therows of pipes 1, with gas through a burner? from a supply pipe 8 andwith heated air, the opposite end of the row of pipes being connected bya common pipe or conduit, to the fan j, or chimney. The oven may havemore than two sets of rails and one intermediate heating chumher.

The heating chambers being of small height and arranged longitudinally,each unitlcngt-h thereof is of comparatively small weight and thereforefree from liability to colla psc by reason of excessive superiiicumbentweight.

In addition to lining the oven with a hard enamel to provide a heatreflect-in r surface, the trucks 6 may, if desired, also laveheatrcllecting surfaces applied thereto; zilso cuch truck may lull/c uplatform of cellular constructinn filll-d with uon-refructory materialsuch as lticsclguhr, or the like to minimize loss of heat lherctlirough.

Ileating cluunbcrs such as described mug: be used in connection withintermittent ovens.

What. I claim is:-

1. A tunnel oven comprising a main chumbcr through which goods to behunted canbe caused to truvel, and u hentin" chamber that. isstructurally independent oi thc side walls and roof of the oven and isarranged longitudinally within said inuin clnunhcr at one side thereofand at a distance from the adjucc'ut side and roof of said inn-inchamber so as to form therewith an air circulutinc path extending aroundsaid heating chum er in the vertical direction.

2. Atunnel oven com u'isiug a main chamber through which goods to beheated can be caused to travel, and boating chambers supportedlongitudinally within and at opposite sides of a portion 0 the mainchamber. and arranged at a distance from the side walls and roofthereof. said heating chau'lbcrs being structurally independent of andon able of longitudinal expansion independent of the main chamber.

3. A tunnel oven comprising a main chamber through whichgoods to beheated can be caused to travel, heating chambers arranged longtiudinallywithin and structumlly independent of the main chamber at opposite sidesof the passa eway t-herethrough for goods and at a siort distance fromthe side walls and roof of such main chamber so that heated air cancirculate around such heating chamber, means for supplying combustiblematerial with air to one end portion of each heating chamber andexhausting means for-withdifiuving prodnets of combustion fromtheotliencud of each heating chamben.

4.2A tunnel oven comprising a main chamber through \vhich'goods to beheated can be caused to travel, heating chambers arranged longitudinallywithin and strncturally independent of said main chamber 5 chamberthrough which goods to be heated can be caused to travel, heatingchambers arranged longitudinally within and structurally indepciz.-lcntof said. main chamber and at a tllSltli"'t3 from the side walls and roofthereof, said heating chambers being each composed partly of slabs or llo(!l(. .-f refractory .matciial arranged to form a hollow rectangularlongitudinally disposed wall having a combustion chamber therein at oneend and a zig-zag passa eway therethrough for products of com mation,and partly of longitudinally arranged rows of pipes connected atone endto said hollow wall, and exhausting means connected to the other end ofthe rowsof ipcs.

6. In a tunnel oven, :1 he ting chamber comprising a hollowrectangnlurwall arranged longitudinally within and structu'rallyindependentof the oven and rows of pipes connected to and extending lonitudinally from the hollow will, means or iutroducin air and combustiblefluid into one end 0 exhaustin products of combustion from the o jJOSltOends of the rows of tubes.

7. n a' tunnel oven, a heating chamber cqmprising'a hollow rectangularwall arranged longitudinally within and structurally independent of theoven and rows of pipes connected to and extending longitu inally fromthe hollow wall, said hollow wall having therein transversely arrangedblocks or slabs arranged to form zig-za-g gassagew lystherethrough,'1neans for introuoing aft and combustible fluid intolonethe hollow wall and means for end of the hollow wall and means forexhausting products of combustion from the opposite ends of the rows oftubes.

8. A tunnel oven comprising a main chamber through which goods to beheated can be caused to travel, heating chambers arranged longitudinallyat opposite sides of said main chamber and ata short distance from thewalls and roof thereof so that air can circulate around each of them andthrough the passageway for goods left between soid chambers, a heatingcli'ainber arranged at the central portion of the main chamber, meansfor introducing combustis blo material and air into one end of each ofsaid heating chambers andmeans for withdrawing products ofcombustionfrom the other ends of said heatingchambers.

9. A tunnehoi'en comprising a main chamber having at the bottom thereofa longitudinal passageway for vehicles carrying the goods to be heated,lon 'tudinally arranged heating chambers, ma e separate from and movablysupported within said main chamber upon the lower side walls at.opposite sides of the said passageway so that the said heating chambersare at a higher level than the bottom of the passage way upon which thevehicles travel and masses of loose refractory non-conducting materialarranged within longitudinal recesses in the said lower side walls ofthe passageway below the heating chambers for the purpose specified.

10. A tnnuel, oven comprising a main chamber having at the bottomthereof a longitudinal passageway for vehicles carr ing 1 e goods to beheated, lon itudinal y arranged heating chambers ma e separate from andinovuoly supported within said main chamber upon the lower side walls atopposite sides of the said assageway so that the said heating chain rsare at a higher level thanthe bottom of the passageway upon which thevehicles travel and longitudinally arranged air conduits out ofcommunication with said passageway and through which air can be causedto flow,

said air conduits being arranged to abstract heat that has passed fromthe heating chambers to the said lower side walls.

11. A tunnel oven comprising a main chamber having at the bottom thereofa longituclmal passageway for vehicles carrying the goods to be, heated,longitudinally arranged heating chambers made separate from andmovably'supported within said main chamber upon the lower side walls atopposite sides of the said passageway so that the said heatin chambersare at a higher level than the ottom of the passa'geway upon which thevehicles travel, masses of case refractory non-conducting materialarranged within longitudinal recesses in the said lower side walls belowthe heating chambers and longitudinal air haying gonduits also arrangedin the lower side walls of said passageway below said recesses and outof communicatior'rwith said passageway and through which air canbecaused to flow fol the purpose set forth.

Signed at London, England, this 'third day of February 1911. I

' CONRAD DRESSLER.

Witnesses:

RIPLEY WILSON, C. P. Lmnox.

